Tuesday, 30 October 2012

How to Make Borscht with Beef/Onion Dumplings

My mum-in-law gradually let out the specifics of this familial recipe through time--on one visit to her Yorkshire home, she admitted the lemon juice must be added shortly before serving, so as to prevent bitterness; in a car ride going through the snowy Alps, I was able to get her to confess she uses milk instead of water for making up the dumpling dough; on a visit to our Grenoble apartment, she divulged the addition of cèpes.   Her recipe is a Polish variant of the Ukrainian classic which means the borscht itself is a clear, ruby-coloured soup served over large beef/onion pierogis.
 

Though this recipe is labour intensive, it is truly worth it.  Traditionally served at dinner on Christmas Eve, it has now become such a favourite, we eat it throughout winter.  Garden-fresh beets impart a satisfying earthiness to this soup, so if you don't have your own, try to get some from a friend's garden or a farmer's market.


Scrub beets well with a veggie brush.  Trim tops from an inch or so above the root.  The tails can be left on or also trimmed an inch below the beet.  Such judicious trimming lessens bleedingBoil the beets till tender, around 30 minutes. Test if ready by inserting a small knife into the centre of a beet--does less damage than a fork--starting with the smaller ones.   Strain the water in which the beets were boiled and reserve.  Rub off skins under running water. Slice a bit off the frequently bitter top and bottom parts of the peeled beet. The beets can be used in recipes right away or frozen.  The vibrantly delicious greens themselves can be braised in a small amount of water and butter or olive oil along with some minced garlic and seasoned with a dash of vinegar and fleur de sel.


If you can only locate already cooked and shrink-wrapped beets, so be it.  However, I am ignorant regarding canned beets, but I suspect they would work also.

This recipe takes two days:  first day is devoted to simmering the broth and the simultaneous stewing of the beef, and the second is spent making the soup, dumpling dough, and dumpling filling.  I make the broth by covering about two kilograms of a bony, braising beef cut with cold water and slowly bringing to a boil.  Bay leaf, parsley, thyme, black peppercorns, several quartered onions, lovage or a few stalks of celery, several carrots, and a large pinch of powdered cloves are added to the pot. The meat usually becomes tender within three hours.  I remove it, separating the meat from the bones and return the bones to the soup pot for another hour.  The broth is then strained and any fat skimmed off, while the meat is trimmed of any undesirable bits and cut in chunks.  Keep both in the fridge until needed.

A caution I am afraid is necessary though I want everybody to try this recipe:  a food processor is rather important for kneading the dough, mincing the onions, and grinding the cooked beef. Of course the dough can be kneaded by hand, and the beef and onions minced via a knife.  But this recipe is lot of work even with a processor. 

Ingredients

  • Beets, about 4-5 medium, about 500 grams, cooked and diced small
  • Beef broth, 1.5 liters, preferably homemade, or the best quality you can buy
  • cèpes, dried, a small handful
  • Beet juices/cèpes liquid, about .5 liter
  • Salt and freshly ground pepper
  • Lemon juice from a freshly squeezed lemon
  • Onions, finely minced, 250 grams
  • Butter, 60 grams
  • Beef, cooked and ground,  600 grams
  • Flour, 600 grams
  • Milk, 325 ml

Borscht 
twelve servings

Cover cèpes with boiling water and let soften for about fifteen minutes.  While waiting, start making the dough (See below).


Once cèpes are soft, rinse them at least twice, straining the liquid. 
Taste a bit to ensure you washed all the grit out.


Mince them and put into a large pot along with the measured, strained, soaking liquid, beef broth, and beet juices.   It will be the beet juices that will give the lovely colour to the borscht.  Bring just under the boil and simmer for about ten minutes until the cèpes are tender Cube the beets and add them.  Season to taste with salt and freshly ground black pepper.  Reserve off the heat.


When ready to serve, reheat and add the lemon juice.

Dumpling dough

Put flour in a standup mixer, add milk and 1/2 teaspoon of salt.  Process for about twelve minutes until smooth and elastic.  Add additional flour to get a non-sticky dough.  The dough however needs to be moist and pliable.


Weigh out into four equal balls and keep moist under a clean, well wrung-out tea towel.


Dumpling filling 

Mince finely the onions and saute slowly in the butter over low heat until onions are a mellow yellow and have hardly any raw taste.  Reserve.


While onions are being sauteed, grind the meat with two beaten eggs.


Add the sauteed onions into the large bowl with the minced beef.  Season with salt and freshly ground pepper.  Mix thoroughly.  The filling needs to be moist without being wet.


Assembling the dumplings
makes 30 large dumplings

Take one ball and flatten it.  Put a tea towel under a floured board to prevent it from moving.


Roll out to about 1/4 inch thick. Sprinkle flour to prevent the rolling pin from sticking if necessary.


Trim to make a neat rectangle--collect all the trimmings to make a fifth ball--and partition into 6 equal parts, each measuring about three square inches.


Place a rounded tablespoon of filling in the centre of each of the squares, pulling up two diagonal corners and press them together.


Seal in such a way that there will be--you may need to make pleats--little triangles remaining on both endsThis ensures that the sealed dumpling will be a pleasing, triangular shape.

The seal needs to be placed evenly along the top edge

Finish the sealing.   Putting the dumpling on a side, starting from the edge and going in about not more an inch, squeeze the air out of the filling so as to have a nice, plump dumpling.  Then make a pleated edge:  starting from the left side of the dumpling, slip your left, middle finger under the dumpling's edge with the thumb on top of the edge, moving your index finger close to your thumb and as the pleat is formed, lift your thumb.  Do a series of pleats to the other end of the dumpling.  You can do a trial run first on some test dough edges.  This edge finishing is good for empanadas and calzones so it is a nice technique to know.  Any scraps of dough can be made into small balls to be boiled along with the dumplings.

Note the pleated dumpling in the background

Boil in batches of six for about six minutes, using a medium-sized pot.  Just after they are put into the boiling water, gently stir up from the bottom and along the sides to prevent the dumplings from sticking.  The dumplings will rise to the top and look shiny when done.  Remove gently with a slotted spoon and keep warm on a serving plate or shallow bowl.


Put two dumplings in a soup plate and cover with a few ladles of borscht.


Though it takes planning and time to make this low caloric, inexpensive, and nutritious soup, it is a superb meal.  Surplus, cool soup or dumplings can be easily frozen.  Also, boiling the dumplings makes the kitchen nice and steamy, a comforting effect on a nippy day--not to mention fun, because steamy windows invite your fingers to trace patterns on them.  I usually draw flowers...or houses with working chimneys...or geometric figures...

In the potager, the cold nights call for my covering certain crops with horticultural fleece and putting vulnerable pots inside on a sunny sous sol window sill or keeping them in the cold frame outside.  Dayo does his best to keep warm the potted-up strawberry runners in the cold frame.


À la prochaine!

RELATED POSTS:

Foraging for cepes
Propagating strawberries

Tuesday, 23 October 2012

Foraging for Cèpes

Three years ago when I first met our neighbours, Monsieur and Madame M, I had found out that each autumn they head down to some woods south of us to search for cèpes.   The first autumn, I felt it would be too forward to ask if I could tag along, the second was too dry, and the third saw such fierce competition among the foragers that some cars shoved others off the country road.

Since being a mycophagist from an early age, finding cèpes places high on my bucket listSo when I recently got a phone call from an excited Madame M that her godson has spotted the first cèpes fruiting near his farm, I was very happy.  I was instructed to bring a cap to protect my hair from the spider webs strung along the trees, a walking stick, and galoshes.  They warned me we may not find any.  I now know they didn't have the heart to tell me I would be the one not to find any.

A recipe of Madame Ms:  sauteed cèpes 

The next afternoon saw us packing their car with our stuff and persons, and off we drove to the Dordogne border.  We went to the godson's farm to let him know we would be going through their woods.  Though the French highly regard politeness and being bien élevé, I suspect the real reason of notifying Phillippe is that the time for cèpes foraging overlaps with the hunting season. It's being responsible to know who is wandering about your property.

Monsieur M and Phillippe roam the farm each morning looking for game

We stood talking all together in the farm's courtyard listening to Phillippe, a beau gosse if I have ever saw one--tall with a ready, infectious smile and thick black hair.  He was clad in knee-high boots the colour of which matched his wavy locks.  Caspar, a young Golden Retriever, pranced about.

Some of the farm buildings, the courtyard is off to the left.

Though quite physically imposing, Phillippe kept his gaze down while softly telling us that spotting cèpes is in the eyes.  With a quick, upward glance, he said, and I have the eyesWe then bundled back into the car and went to the wooded area.


I love forests with their dappled shade, sheltering canopy, and sweetish smell of damp decay.  This one contained many chestnut trees, and their hairy, broken capsules were strewn all over the forest floor like bizarre, little wigs.  Monsieur M said that there is always food to be had here: mushrooms, game, and nuts.  We started out all together, but gradually we lost track of each other for long periods of time. 


Every once in a while, one of my companions would surface and show me their finds.

After harvesting by twisting and pulling, the bottoms can be shaved clean with a knife

They would always yell across the forest, Rien?  And I would always have to reply, Rien.   You see, apparently I don't have the eyes. Then they would wander off again, leaving me alone.  I didn't mind being alone, but I craved to be told a specific technique how to spot brown-capped mushrooms which are mostly buried under brown leaves.  So I would ask each time one of my group popped into sight, so how are you finding all of these cèpesThe reply was always it is in the eyes.


I asked if mice were taking bites out of the mushrooms, but the answer was slugs.  Then off they would go again, leaving me to ruffle the leaves with my walking stick, looking for cèpes in vain.


A bit discouraged, I went back to the car and found no one there so I returned to the forest.  This time I found boletes, but not cèpes; these had yellow tubes/pores instead of white.  I also found extremely hard and woody shelf mushrooms.



A colander for mice?

More time passed than I must have realised.  I heard someone shouting my name and one of my companions appeared.  They thought I had gotten lost.  A shouting volley then began, alerting the rest of them that I was found and the search was off.  We returned to Phillippe's farm, and I got to see the rabbits, goats, and ducks.




Caspar really warmed to me.  He followed me around as I took photos and sporadically would stand up, facing me with his paws resting on my shoulders.  He was such a darling and tried to enter the back seat of the car with me just before we left.  I wondered what Dayo would think of his smell on me.


Monsieur and Madame M let me off in front of my home, and as we unpacked the trunk, I was given a generous amount of mushrooms from their large basket. Still miffed that I was unable to find any cèpes, I suggested perhaps one needs to spot a gently rounded mound of leaves, shaped so because a big mushroom is in the process of raising them.  No, said Monsieur M, it could just as well be a log.  There it is then, I am none the wiser.

Madame M put up some conserves the next day.


She gave me a simple recipe for my fresh cèpes and instructed me to wipe them clean with a moist cloth which is the preferred way to wash mushrooms in general or else they get waterlogged.

Dirty cèpes

Clean cèpes

Gather together butter or olive oil, fleur de sel, black pepper grinder, and minced, flat-leaf parsley/garlic. Slice the mushrooms.


Saute them in the butter or olive oil for about ten minutes.  A few minutes before finishing cooking, toss in the garlic, and just before taking them off the heat, add the parsley and freshly ground pepper,  giving it all a stir. Sprinkle on the fleur de sel.  Their meaty taste with a nutty undertone and silky texture was certainly pleasing, but it's their freshness that bowled me over.  Dried cèpes, however, have their uses with their intense flavour,  and they feature often in many of my recipes. 


Back at the potager, Dayo was doing his own foraging in the wild area of our garden--a mountain of brambles covering a big cherry tree stump--which I keep for small wildlife.


He was so intent on exploring, he paid me no mind.  Perhaps he caught a whiff of Caspar?  He then disappeared out of sight.


À la prochaine!


Tuesday, 16 October 2012

How to Make Roasted Broccoli Parmesan Béchamel Soup

This comforting, earthy soup with its warming, full-bodied cayenne pepper/garlic-infused Béchamel sauce will lessen the gloom of shortened days and chase away autumnal chills.


When harvesting broccoli, I cut the stalks on the diagonal so rain can run off the remaining stalk to prevent rotting.  Smaller heads of broccoli will continue to form lower down on the stalk for a continued harvest.


After the broccoli was sowed and transplanted into a bed, I applied an organic, balanced fertiliser (NPK of 10-10-10) when the plants were about six inches high.  I could really see the difference in the size of the heads from last season.


Fertiliser is scratched into the soil around the plants with a cultivator

An important aspect of growing broccoli is checking routinely underneath leaves for egg deposits placed by white butterflies.  Three years ago, when I planted my first broccoli crop, I did not realise that the cloud of pretty, white butterflies hovering over the broccoli bed were carriers of eggs that would develop into devouring pests.  As with all crucifers, their growth can't be checked, that is, they need to be transplanted before they get cramped in their pots, get enough sunlight, to be fertilized, and to be watered or else they remain stunted.  Other veggies, like leeks, are more forgiving.


A clutch of yellow eggs

The main source of flowers in my autumn garden are these vivid, red chrysanthemums.


Dayo is spending more and more time indoors, but he still stays close to me.  When I am working in the kitchen, he hangs out in his box at one end of the long, food preparation table.

Is that butter for me?

OK, fine, be that way, I didn't really want any butter.

Are you sure that butter isn't for me?

Roasted Broccoli Parmesan Béchamel Soup
serves six
  • Broccoli, chopped, 4-5 heads, about 8 cups*
  • garlic, 3 fat cloves, lightly smashed, with skin mostly intact
  • Vegetable broth, preferably homemade2 cups*
  • Parmesan, a small rind
  • Potatoes, two medium
  • Olive Oil, extra virgin, several tbsps
  • Red pepper flakes, just a few
  • Salt and freshly ground pepper
  • Parmesan, grated, 1 cup*
  • Flour, white, 5 tbsps
  • Butter, 4 tbsps
  • milk, 1 1/2 cup* 
* American cup, 8 oz

Preheat oven at 350 degrees F.  Wash the broccoli well, and if home grown, hunt out little pests hidden in the florets.  Chop into large chunks.  The earthiness of this soup is accentuated by first oven roasting the broccoli.   This was my first time roasting broccoli.  I was encouraged to so by a friend who said roasting was the way to go when cooking cauliflower and broccoli.  She is so right.  I doubt I will ever boil broccoli again.

Place broccoli pieces on a shallow roasting pan and dribble the olive oil over them, mixing well while ensuring all the pieces are evenly coated.  Put into the oven and roast for about twenty minutes or until they are bright green and browned on their edges.  They do not need to be tender.


While they are roasting and filling up the kitchen with their robust fragrance, peel and chop the potatoes into small chunks and put them and the cheese rind along with the veggie broth into a pot.  Add the roasted broccoli when ready and cook until the veggies are very tender, about 15 minutes.  Remove the rind if desired--it can be cut into small pieces and eaten-- or it can be left in to be eventually blended.  I had forgotten to take mine out and was amazed that it became soft enough to get completely blended, imparting a wonderful depth of flavour.


Meanwhile make the Parmesan Béchamel infused with red pepper and garlic.  If this is your first time making this basic white sauce, be rest assured it is very doable.  I prefer using this sauce rather than just adding milk and cheese, because the binding of flour and butter ensures a stable mixture that will keep its integrity even when frozen or reheated, while the fat content of the Béchamel allows for the flavour of garlic and red pepper to be more fully absorbed than if it was just added to the soup pot. 

Béchamel sauce is a base for many dishes, so it is a good technique to master allowing many variations on a theme, like I have done with adding Parmesan, red pepper flakes, and garlic.   Have all the sauce ingredients prepared and near the stove:  butter, milk, flour, Parmesan, garlic, red pepper flakes.



Melt the butter in a medium saucepan over a medium low flame and gradually stir in the flour to make a roux.



Let the roux cook for a minute or so until smooth and to get rid of the taste of raw flour.  Slowly add the milk, pepper flakes, and garlic, all the while stirring.  Cook for about ten minutes until thickened.  Remove the garlic cloves.  If sufficiently softened and made mellow by cooking, mashed garlic is delicious on crackers/toast/breadA wire whisk will beat out any lumps.


Gradually add the grated cheese.



Let it melt completely while stirring. 


Blend the broccoli right in the pot with an immersion mixer or transfer to a standing blender.   Alternatively, you could also use a potato masher or large fork, but the texture will not be as smooth.


In order to ensure a smooth combination, add some of the broccoli soup into the Béchamel ladle by ladle, stirring well after each addition.


The Béchamel gradually will become much less thick.


Add the thinned Béchamel back into the soup pot and stir until well mixed.


Being a substantial soup, it does stand on its own, but of course it can be served with a good bread or croutons and crumbled bacon.


Bon appétit!